Previously, Linux was mainly used as the operating system of the server, but because of its cheap, flexible and Unix background, it is suitable for wide application. The classic technology combination "LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python)" based on Linux provides a complete set of website building support, including operating system, database, website server and dynamic webpage. And for more large-scale fields, such as Oracle, DB2, PostgreSQL and Apache's Tomcat JSP, there are already good application examples on Linux. It is not only popular among developers, but also the most commonly used platform for providing Web services. So what is the advantage of Linux servers? Why did you choose it? Today, Micron Network will analyze this problem with you in detail.
1、 The biggest point is the cheapness
Because of its low cost and high availability, Linux is often used in embedded systems, such as set-top boxes, mobile phones and motion devices. For mobile phones, Linux has become one of the three major smart phone operating systems that keep pace with Symbian OS and Windows Mobile systems; For mobile devices, it is also an alternative to Windows CE and Palm OS. TiVo digital camera is very popular at present, it uses custom Linux. In addition, there are many hardware based network firewalls and routers, such as some LinkSys products, which are internally driven by Linux and use the firewall and routing functions provided by the Linux operating system.
2、 Wideness of use
The number of supercomputers using Linux is also increasing. According to the TOP500 supercomputers list released in November 2005, the two fastest supercomputers in the world use Linux as their own operating systems. Of the 500 systems listed in the table, 371 groups (74.2%) use Linux as the operating system, of which 7 groups use Linux, and this group of systems uses Linux. Except for some experts, most people do not choose each component or set it themselves, but directly use the Linux suite. SONY PlayStation 3 also uses the Linux operating system and has been sold since 2006. Previously, Sony also released a set of DIY components for its PlayStation 2, called PS2 Linux. For game developers Atari and id Software, they have released the Linux desktop version of their games. In addition, Linux Game Publishing also writes games specifically for the Linux platform, and is committed to transferring other game codes written on the Windows platform to the Linux platform, as well as providing license for the use of portable games. This project, called "Every child has a laptop" (OLPC), aims to provide laptops for all children in developing countries, which is to use Linux as the default operating system. We don't need to explore the temptation of open Linux source code to us, we just need to see how Linux can help our lives. Usually, we just need to master the most basic applications of Linux, and install and use them. At present, Linux has developed to operate on the command line, and can run like the Windows desktop system. Users who are not familiar with Linux can choose to install desktop Linux. Here are some answers to Linux questions, which are published on the Internet. I hope they will be helpful to those who want to know about Linux.
3、 High flexibility of the system
Linux is famous for its efficiency and flexibility. The system can realize all Unix functions on PC, and has multi task and multi-user functions. Under the public license of GNU, Linux is free of charge and is an operating system conforming to POSIX standard. The linux operating system includes not only the complete linux operating system, but also some application software, such as text editor, high-level language compiler. X-Window also includes a graphical user interface with multiple window managers, which allows us to use windows, icons and menus to operate the system as Windows NT does.
4、 Common choice of developers
There are two main reasons why Linuxs is popular with computer enthusiasts. First, it is free software. Users can get it and its source code without paying, and can make necessary modifications to it according to their own needs. It is free to use and continues to broadcast without restrictions. Another reason is that it has all the functions of Unix, and anyone who uses or wants to learn the Unix operating system can benefit from Linux. The configuration required to run Linux is not high, and it supports a large number of PC peripheral devices. Moreover, this powerful software is completely free, and its source code is completely open, which can be used by anyone. Everyone is thinking, is there anything hidden behind the free? Will the writer take out the book willingly? In fact, it represents another concept of software development: the copyright system based on GNU. Copyright is an institutional arrangement to protect the legitimate rights and interests of authors, but today it has brought certain obstacles to the development of science and technology. For example, the spread of viruses is due to Microsoft's unwillingness to disclose the source code of Windows. Anti virus software manufacturers have to study OLE structures themselves. In addition, in order to maintain its dominance, Intel has formulated a series of hardware specifications that are not allowed to be used by other manufacturers. As a result, many developers spend money and time to improve technology rather than improve compatibility, resulting in confusion and monopoly in scientific research and development. In order to change this situation, Richard M. Stallman established the Free Software Foundation (FSF), an organization specializing in free software production, in 1984. In his opinion: different software companies will hinder the development of human civilization by not disclosing source code for their own interests. A really good software should solve problems for people and should be spread to people in need. On the UNIX platform, he developed a project called GNU, whose first set of software is GNUEmacs (a powerful editor). Everyone can get the software and its source code for free, so many people spontaneously modify the software and add functions to it. In order to clarify the specifications of GNU, Stallman released the GNU General Public License and the GNU Library General Public License authorization statement, which pointed out that any GNU software can be downloaded, sold, copied and modified by anyone, but it must provide program sources or let users know where to obtain these sources! However, no matter whether it is free or charged, any user who obtains such software has the same right as the provider to provide or sell such software. Because of this authorization, GNU software becomes more and more powerful. Of course, this also has a negative impact. If developers' profits decrease, no one is willing to really develop software. After all, people still have to eat. However, with the popularization of the Internet, it is more and more easy for people to obtain all kinds of software, and most of the software is for temporary needs, and will not be used again after use. The life of a software is also greatly shortened. In this case, the traditional electronic publishing industry should make corresponding adjustments. The copyright of the Linux core program belongs to Linus himself, and other applications belong to their respective authors. However, according to GNU authorization, anyone can publish Linux by paying or free of charge, and modify it according to the specifications consistent with the authorization. This makes a large number of free programs migrated to Linux, including GNUEmacs, XFree86, Mozilla and other classic software, which are also growing. Because the source code is open, anyone can write their own drivers after adding new hardware, so Linux supports new hardware better than many professional UNIX systems. Without the Internet, Linux cannot succeed, because it is actually the result of the joint development of many programmers around the world.
5、 Continuous innovation
Today, after several revisions (including core upgrades and peripheral programs), Linux has developed into a 32-bit pure multi-functional operating system conforming to POSIX standards, and is also developing a 64 bit version. Micronet believes that Linuxs can be compatible with most UNIX systems, and many UNIX programs do not need to be modified, or can run in Linux environment with only a little modification; Built in TCP/IP protocol, which can be directly connected to the Internet as a server or terminal; Built in JAVA interpreter, which can directly run JAVA source code; It has the functions of program language development, text editing and typesetting, database processing, etc; Provide the graphical interface of X Window; Mainly used for x86 series PCs; There are other versions of different hardware platforms that support all current popular hardware devices. In terms of performance, it is no worse than Windows, or even UNIX, and the simulator can run Windows applications. It has a wide range of application software, and will not lose many on Windows, including profitable software developed by commercial companies. The most expensive thing is that it is a real UNIX system. Professional users and people who want to learn UNIX can use it on their personal computers. LinuxSystem is a very flexible system, which is more difficult to use than Windows, just like most users who are not accustomed to MacOS using a single button mouse. For Linux, to become familiar with the road, you must understand some relevant knowledge, software and hardware configuration, and preferably some programs, because no one is obligated to provide you with technical support. In addition to communicating with other users, you must solve problems by yourself. If it is only used as a daily application, of course, it does not need to be too complex. Linux also provides a perfect operating environment, just change the use habits and prejudices. In the early days, the operating system did not have a graphical interface. Since Apple released System 1.0 in 1984, personal computers have realized a real GUI (Graphics User Interface). Since then, computers have become more friendly and easier to use. Windows 3.1/3.2 began to use graphical technology. It was not until the appearance of Windows 95 that the multimedia era came. Since then, computers have begun to talk. Linux started from UNIX, but it is superior to others. It also has an excellent graphical user interface. Its performance is more stable and beautiful. It can compete with the most beautiful operating system ever seen in the world! Unlike current XP, Linux's graphical interface is based on Console, just as Windows 95 is installed on DOS. The X Window system (different from Windows MS) implements the graphical interface under Linux. XWindow is a group of living processing window systems used on UNIX. It has strong portability, rich colors, and transparent operation between networks. Although both of them use graphical interface and window technology, they are somewhat similar in appearance, but they are very different in function. XWindow's interface is indeed more diverse, beautiful, more efficient and faster. Due to the position of Windows in DOS, XWindow changes the monotonous text interface of UNIX/Linux and provides a friendly graphical user interface (GUI). Bob Scheifler worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science Research Institute in 1984. He is developing distributed systems. Jim Gettys of DEC also participated in MIT's A-thena project. Both of them needed a set of graphical interfaces used on UNIX systems, so they began to work together to study XWindow. MIT released the eleventh edition of X Window in 1987, and established the non-profit organization "X Association" to develop and control X Window standards. Therefore, XWindow is no longer just a software, but a protocol, which defines the functions that a system must have. As long as the system complies with this agreement and other specifications of X Association, it can be called X Window, and its source code is public. Because XWindow has a powerful device independent structure, it provides a set of network communication protocols. Any hardware that provides the X protocol can execute applications and display a group of windows containing graphics and text without recompiling. This device independent function only requires applications developed according to the X Window standard to run in different environments, This greatly reduces the workload of compiling cross platform and makes the application easier to transplant. Xfree86 is the most commonly used Xfree86 on Linux. It is a ported version of MIT's X11R5. It uses the Openlook window management system, so Xfree86 is free. Xfree86 supports all existing PC display cards, but does not necessarily support Windows acceleration features like DirectX 9. So far, it is no longer rare for Linux to support Chinese, and its Chinese application software is also constantly enriched. However, some commercial software has not been completely transplanted, because there are many reasons, so the Micronet will not make too much evaluation here.
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